The dust removal characteristics and working mechanism of the current four major types of dust collectors were reviewed. It mainly focused on electrostatic precipitator technology, introduced its research status at home and abroad in recent years, analyzed the influence of many different factors (equipment structure parameters, gas characteristics, dust properties) on the efficiency of electrostatic precipitator equipment, and summarized electrostatic precipitator. The current technical shortcomings of the collector: The selection of the discharge electrode, the optimization of the best parameters, the anti?corrosion and cleaning of the dust collecting plate. In the future, the following issues should be focued on: development of discharge electrode materials suitable for new forms of electrostatic precipitators, discharge characteristics and dust removal efficiency in complex atmospheres, reduced insulation performance at the dust collector, and corrosion protection.